Brexpiprazole ブレクスピプラゾール

Brexpiprazole

ブレクスピプラゾール

NDA is considered filed as of September 9, 2014 (60 days after submission). The PDUFA date is July 11, 2015.

Brexpiprazole (/brɛksˈpɪprəzoʊl/ breks-pip-rə-zohl; also called OPC-34712) is a novel D2 dopamine partial agonist investigational product currently in clinical trials for the treatment of depression, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).^[1]Although it failed Stage 2 trials for ADHD, it has been designed to provide improved efficacy and tolerability (e.g., lessakathisia, restlessness and/or insomnia) over established adjunctive treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD).^[2]

OPC-34712 is an antidepressant and antipsychotic drug candidate awaiting approval in the U.S. for the treatment of schizophrenia and also as adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). The product is in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of agitation associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Phase III clinical trials are also underway for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Phase II clinical trials are also ongoing for use as adjunctive therapy in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The compound is being developed by Otsuka Pharmaceutical. In 2011, a codevelopment and commercialization agreement was signed by Lundbeck and Otsuka Pharmaceutical in Latin and North America, Australia and Europe for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

The drug is being developed by Otsuka, and is considered to be a successor^[3] of its top-selling antipsychotic agent aripiprazole(brand names: Abilify, Aripiprex). Otsuka’s US patent on aripiprazole expired on October 20, 2014;^[4] however, due to a pediatric extension, a generic will not become available until at least April 20, 2015.^[5]

Brexpiprazole (1) , a serotonin–dopamine activity modulator, is an investigational new drug currently in phase-III clinical trials for the treatment of depression, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.(1A) Brexpiprazole is also considered to be a possible successor to the top-selling antipsychotic agent aripiprazole.(2A)

1. 1A……….Phase II and Phase III Drugs in U.S. Development for Depression, Anxiety, Sleep Disorders, Psychosis & ADHD, 2011. http://www.neurotransmitter.net/newdrugs.html(accessed Jan 27, 2015).
2. 2A…………FDA accepts new schizophrenia drug filing, 2014.http://www.pharmafile.com/news/194878/fda-accepts-new-schizophrenia-drug-filing(accessed Jan 27, 2015).

   Brexpiprazole

   In the clinical program, brexpiprazole demonstrated improvement in symptoms in both schizophrenia and as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder (MDD)

   July 2015 is the anticipated completion timing of the FDA’s review (based on PDUFA timeline)Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Otsuka) and H. Lundbeck A/S (Lundbeck) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined that the New Drug Application (NDA) for brexpiprazole for monotherapy in adult patients with schizophrenia and for adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adult patients is sufficiently complete to allow for a substantive review, and the NDA is considered filed as of September 9, 2014 (60 days after submission). The PDUFA date is July 11, 2015.The NDA is supported by seven completed placebo-controlled clinical phase II or III studies in the proposed indications – three studies in schizophrenia and four studies with brexpiprazole as adjunctive therapy in MDD. The dossier included data from more than 6,000 participants of whom more than 5,000 received brexpiprazole.

   Brexpiprazole in adult patients with schizophreniaOne clinical phase II and two clinical phase III placebo-controlled studies have been completed using brexpiprazole in adult patients suffering from schizophrenia. Across the three studies more than 1,700 patients have been randomized.In the first pivotal phase III study randomizing approximately 625 patients, brexpiprazole 2mg/day and 4 mg/day both demonstrated greater improvement of symptoms relative to placebo as measured by change from baseline in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Total Score at week 6 (p<0.05). Results of the key secondary endpoint supported primary results.In the second pivotal phase III study randomizing approximately 650 patients, brexpiprazole 4 mg/day again demonstrated greater improvement of symptoms relative to placebo (p<0.05) in change from baseline in the PANSS Total Score at Week 6. Brexpiprazole 2 mg/day showed numerical improvement (p>0.05) over placebo at Week 6.The results from the clinical phase II studyi were presented at the 24th Annual US Psychiatric and Mental Health Congress in November 2011. The study showed a clinically meaningful improvement from baseline measured by PANSS total score at week 6, although it did not achieve statistical separation from placeboii.In the placebo-controlled phase II and III studies, the rates of discontinuation due to adverse events were 8.1% for patients receiving brexpiprazole compared to 12.7% of patients receiving placebo; the only adverse event that occurred in more than 5% of brexpiprazole patients and more frequently than placebo was akathisia (5.8% vs. 4.5%).

   Brexpiprazole as adjunctive therapy in major depressive disorder (MDD) Four studies have been included in the dossier using brexpiprazole as adjunctive therapy for adult patients suffering from MDD who had demonstrated a consistent, inadequate response to at least two regimens of prior antidepressant treatment. Patients with MDD and an inadequate response to one to three antidepressants were enrolled and received antidepressants for 8 weeks, single blinded, in the two phase III studies. Patients with an inadequate response during this prospective phase were provided antidepressant therapy and randomized adjunctive treatment with either brexpiprazole or placebo for 6 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in MADRS (Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) Total Score from baseline at week 6. MADRS is a commonly used scale to assess the range of symptoms in patients with MDD. Across the four studies, more than 3,900 patients entered the prospective phase and more than 1,800 patients were included in the randomized phase of the studies.The first pivotal phase III results were presented in a poster session at the 22nd European Psychiatry Association Congress (EPA) in March 2014. This two-arm phase III study randomized approximately 380 patients and demonstrated an improvement of symptoms with an antidepressant plus 2 mg brexpiprazole that was greater than an antidepressant plus placebo (p<0.001)The second pivotal phase III study was a three-arm study in which approximately 675 patients were randomized to treatment with an antidepressant plus either placebo, 1 mg brexpiprazole or 3 mg brexpiprazole.v Patients in both brexpiprazole treatment groups showed greater improvement in symptoms as measured by the MADRS compared to placebo (1 mg p>0.05, 3 mg p<0.05). Results of the second pivotal phase III study in MDD have not yet been published.

   The first clinical phase IIvi study randomized approximately 425 patients in four arms and was presented at the 164th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association in May 2011. Patients exhibited greater improvements than adjunctive placebo in MADRS Total score with the 1.5 (±0.5) mg/day dose of brexpiprazole after six weeks of treatment (p<0.05 vs. placebo). The second phase II study in MDD randomizing approximately 372 patients has not yet been published but supports the findings in the first studies.Across the four placebo-controlled phase II and III studies, over 90% of patients completed the studies. The rates of discontinuation due to adverse events were 2.9% for patients receiving brexpiprazole compared to 0.8% of patients receiving placebo; the only adverse events that occurred in more than 5% of brexpiprazole patients and more frequently than placebo were akathisia (8.6% vs. 2.8%) and weight increased (7.3 vs. 1.9%).Full data from the four clinical phase III studies in the two indications will be made available through scientific disclosure at upcoming medical congresses and in scientific publications. Data from the clinical phase III program in schizophrenia and adjunctive therapy in MDD has been submitted to the 53rd Congress of American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP) on 7-11 December 2014 in Phoenix, Arizona.

   About brexpiprazole (OPC-34712)Brexpiprazole is a novel investigational psychotropic compound discovered by Otsuka and under co-development with Lundbeck. Brexpiprazole is a serotonin-dopamine activity modulator (SDAM) that acts as a partial agonist at 5-HT1A and dopamine D2 receptors at similar potency, and an antagonist at 5-HT2A and noradrenaline alpha1B/2C receptors.

Partnership with Lundbeck

In November 2011, Otsuka and Lundbeck have announced a global alliance.^[6] Lundbeck has given Otsuka an upfront payment of $200 million, and the deal includes development, regulatory and sales payments, for a potential total of $1.8 billion. Specifically for OPC-34712, Lundbeck will obtain 50% of net sales in Europe and Canada and 45% of net sales in the US from Otsuka.

The partnership has been presented by Otsuka to its investors as a good fit for several reasons:^[7]

• Geographic strategy: Otsuka in Japan, Asia, US; Lundbeck in Europe, South America and emerging markets
• Research strategy: Otsuka has knowledge in antipsychotics, Lundbeck in anti-depressant and anxiolytic.
• CNS strategy: Otsuka has a robust portfolio in next-generation CNS drugs, while Lundbeck covers a wide range of CNS conditions from Alzheimer’s to schizophrenia.
• Similar corporate culture

Clinical trials

OPC-34712 is currently in clinical trials for adjunctive treatment of MDD, adjunctive treatment of adult ADHD and schizophrenia.^[8]

Major depression

Phase II

The Phase 2 multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomized 429 adult MDD patients who exhibited an inadequate response to one to three ADTs in the current episode. The study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of OPC-34712 as an adjunctive treatment to standard ADT. The ADTs included in the study were desvenlafaxine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine.^[9]

Phase III

A new Phase III study is currently in the recruiting stage: “Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Two Fixed Doses of OPC-34712 as Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Adults With Major Depressive Disorder (the Polaris Trial)”.^[10] Its goal is “to compare the effect of OPC-34712 to the effect of placebo (an inactive substance) as add on treatment to an assigned FDA approved antidepressant treatment (ADT) in patients with Major Depressive Disorder who demonstrate an incomplete response to a prospective trial of the same assigned FDA approved ADT”. Estimated enrollment is 1250 volunteers.

Adult ADHD

Phase II

• Study of the Safety and Efficacy of OPC-34712 as a Complementary Therapy in the Treatment of Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (STEP-A)^[11] The company did not move the product to Phase III, and it is presumed this drug failed Phase II trials for the disorder.

Schizophrenia

Phase I

• Trial to Evaluate the Effects of OPC-34712 on QT/QTc in Subjects With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder^[12]

Phase II

• A Dose-finding Trial of OPC-34712 in Patients With Schizophrenia^[13]

Phase III

• Efficacy Study of OPC-34712 in Adults With Acute Schizophrenia (BEACON)^[14]
• Safety and Tolerability Study of Oral OPC-34712 as Maintenance Treatment in Adults With Schizophrenia (ZENITH)^[15]
• Study of the Effectiveness of Three Different Doses of OPC-34712 in the Treatment of Adults With Acute Schizophrenia (VECTOR)^[16]
• A Long-term Trial of OPC-34712 in Patients With Schizophrenia^[17]

Conferences

• Phase II results were presented at the American Psychiatric Association’s 2011 annual meeting in May 2011.^[18]

• The drug has been presented at the 2nd Congress of Asian College of Neuropsychopharmacology^[19] in September 2011.

• At the US Psychiatric and Mental Health Congress in November 2011 in Vegas, Robert McQuade presented the Phase II Trial results for Schizophrenia^[20]

Side effects

The most common adverse events associated with OPC-34712 (all doses of OPC-34712 cumulatively greater than or equal to 5 percent vs. placebo) were upper respiratory tract infection (6.9% vs. 4.8%), akathisia (6.6% vs. 3.2%), weight gain (6.3% vs. 0.8%), and nasopharyngitis (5.0% vs. 1.6%).^[21]

Drug interactions

Based on information given on the consent forms, it seems OPC-34712 is a substrate of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, like its predecessor Aripiprazole. Participants in the clinical trials are advised to avoid grapefruit, Seville oranges and related citruses.

Pharmacology

Brexpiprazole acts as a partial agonist of the 5-HT_1A, D₂, and D₃ receptors, and as an antagonist of the 5-HT_2A, 5-HT_2B, 5-HT₇, α_1A-, α_1B-, α_1D-, and α_2C-adrenergic, and H₁receptors.^[22] It has negligible affinity for the mACh receptors.^[22]

Dosage

• As an adjunct to standard antidepressant therapy in adult patients with major depressive disorder:
  • Phase II trials: 1.5 ± 0.5 mg.
  • Phase III trials: 1 or 3 mg depending on group.^[10]
• For schizophrenic/schizoaffective subjects, dosage is 4 or 12 mg.^[23]
• For ADHD, the dose was thought to be 0.25 to 2 mg/day.^[11]

Patents

• U.S. Patent 8,071,600
• WIPO PCT/JP2006/317704
• Canadian patent: 2620688^[24]
• WO 2013162046
• WO 2013161830
•  WO 2013162048
• WO 2013015456
• JP 2008115172
• WO 2006112464

PAPER

Figure 1. Brexpiprazole (1) and intermediate 18.

2-Chloro-6-fluorobenzaldehyde was converted to 4-(1-piperazinyl)benzo[b]thiophene dihydrochloride (18), an intermediate in the synthesis of brexpiprazole, via a five-step sequence in 54% overall yield. This procedure requires no expensive catalyst and avoids the side products produced in the coupling step in the reported process. Several kilograms of compound 18 were prepared using this economical and scalable process.

1-(Benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)piperazine Dihydrochloride (18)

Compound 10 (1.5 kg, 4.71 mol) was dissolved in ………………..DELETED…………………, and then dried to give compound 18 (1.17 kg, 85% yield). HPLC for compound 18 (t_R = 6.3 min, identical to authentic sample) 99.8% purity; HPLC method B.

18:

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 11.86 (s, 1H), 9.65 (s, 2H), 7.75 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (s, 8H).

¹³C NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d₆): δ 146.92, 140.62, 133.40, 126.50, 125.06, 121.91, 117.73, 112.56, 48.52, 43.00.

MS (ESI, eV): m/z = 219.1 [M + H]⁺.

 ………..

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/US20140187782

A 4-(1-piperazinyl)benzo[b]thiophene compound represented by Formula (1):

is useful for various medicines such as antipsychotic drugs. Moreover, a 4-(1-piperazinyl)benzo[b]thiophene compound represented by Formula (4):

wherein R¹ is a hydrogen atom or a protecting group, is useful as an intermediate for synthesizing the compound represented by Formula (1).

Reference Example 30 and Example 1 of PTL 1 specifically disclose a method for producing a benzo[b]thiophene compound (the reaction scheme shown below). In Reference Example 30, 4-(1-piperazinyl)benzo[b]thiophene is produced by heating under reflux a mixture comprising 14.4 g of 4-bromobenzo[b]thiophene, 29.8 g of anhydrous piperazine, 9.3 g of sodium tert-butoxide, 0.65 g of (R)-(+)-2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (BINAP), 0.63 g of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0), and 250 ml of toluene (step X).

However, the reaction of the step X produces a relatively large amount of by-products that can hardly be separated, and the purity of the compound (4a) is thus inevitably reduced. Moreover, although column purification is performed to increase the purity of the compound (4a), it is very difficult to completely remove by-products, even by column chromatography purification. For this reason, there is a demand for the development of a novel method for producing the compound (4a) with high yield and high purity.

Furthermore, by-products contained in the compound (4a) inevitably reduce the purity of the compound (1) in the subsequent step Y. Since the method described in PTL 1 requires purification by column chromatography to obtain the target compound (1) with high purity, the method is not suitable for the industrial process of mass production. In addition, according to the method, incorporation of by-products that can hardly be separated is inevitable, and high-purity products usable as active pharmaceutical ingredients cannot be produced without purification by column chromatography.

CITATION LISTPatent Literature

• PTL 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-316052 Non Patent Literature
• NPL 1: Tetrahedron Lett., 2004, 45, 9645

Example 4

Synthesis of 7-[4-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl)butoxy]-1H-quinolin-2-one

After 1-benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl-piperazine hydrochloride (10.6 g), potassium carbonate (5.8 g), and DMF (50 ml) were stirred at 30 to 40° C. for about 30 minutes, 7-(4-chlorobutoxy)-1H-quinolin-2-one (10.0 g) and potassium iodide (6.9 g) were added. The mixture was stirred at 90 to 100° C. for 2 hours. While the temperature of the mixture was maintained at 60° C. or more, water (150 ml) was added dropwise over a period of 10 minutes or more. After the mixture was cooled to 10° C. or less, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, and washed with water and then with ethanol.

After ethanol (325 ml) and acetic acid (25 ml) were added to the precipitated crystals, the mixture was stirred under reflux for dissolution. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (3.6 ml) was added at around 70° C., and the mixture was cooled. After confirming the precipitation of crystals, the mixture was heated again and stirred under reflux for 1 hour. After the mixture was cooled to 10° C. or less, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and washed with ethanol.

After ethanol (191 ml) and water (127 ml) were added to the precipitated crystals, the mixture was stirred under reflux for dissolution. After activated carbon (0.89 g) was added, the mixture was stirred under reflux for 30 minutes and then hot filtered. After activated carbon was removed, the mixture was heated again for dissolution. After 25% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (5.8 ml) was added at approximately 70° C., the mixture was stirred under reflux for 30 minutes, after which water (64 ml) was added at approximately 70° C. After the mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 30 minutes, the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration at 40° C. or less, then washed with water, and dried to obtain 7-[4-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl)butoxy]-1H-quinolin-2-one as white crystals.

Yield: 14.30 g

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ ppm;

1.6-1.75 (2H, m), 1.75-1.9 (2H, m), 2.44 (2H, t, J=7.0 Hz), 2.55-2.70 (4H, m), 3.00-3.15 (4H, m), 4.06 (2H, t, J=6.3 Hz), 6.30 (1H, d, J=9.5 Hz), 6.75-6.85 (2H, m), 6.88 (1H, d, J=7.5 Hz), 7.27 (1H, dd, J=8 Hz, 8 Hz), 7.40 (1H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J=9.5 Hz), 7.61 (1H, d, J=8 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J=5.5 Hz), 7.80 (1H, d, J=9.5 Hz), 11.58 (1H, bs).

………………………

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2006112464A1?cl=en

Example 1

Preparation of 7- [4- (4-benzo [b] thiophen-4-yl- piperazin-1-yl) butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one

A mixture of 9.0 g of 7- ( 4-chlorobutoxy) -IH- quinolin-2-one, 10 g of 1-benzo [b] thiophene-4-yl- piperazine hydrochloride, 14 g of potassium carbonate, 6 g of sodium iodide and 90 ml of dimethylformamide was stirred for 2 hours at 8O⁰C. Water was added to the reaction solution and precipitated crystals were separated by filtration. The crystals were dissolved in a mixed solvent of dichloromethane and methanol, dried over magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (dichloromethane .-methanol = 100:3). Recrystallized from ethanol, 13.6 g of 7- [4- (4-benzo [b] thiophen-4-yl- piperazin-1-yl) butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one in the form of a white powder was obtained.

Melting point 183.5-184.5⁰C

¹H-NMR ( DMSO-dg) δppm:

1.6-1.75 (2H, m) , 1.75-1.9(2H, m) , 2.44(2H, t, J=7Hz) , 2.5-2.8(4H, m) , 2.9-3.2(4H, m) , 4.06(2H, t, J=6.5Hz), 6.3O(1H, d, J=9.5Hz), 6.75-6.85 (2H, m) , 6.88(1H, d, J=7.5Hz), 7.27 (IH, dd, J=8Hz, 8Hz), 7.40 (IH, d, J=5.5Hz), 7.55 (IH, d, J=9.5Hz), 7.61(1H, d, J=8Hz) , 7.69(1H, d, J=5.5Hz), 7.8O(1H, d, J=9.5Hz), 11.59(1H, bs) .

……………….

PATENT

7- [ 4- ( 4-benzo[b]thiophen-4- yl-piperazin-l-yl)butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one

The dihydrate of the benzothiophene compound represented by Formula (I) or of a salt thereof according to the present invention can be produced from an anhydride of the benzothiophene compound or of a salt thereof.

The benzothiophene compound (in the form of an

anhydride) of Formula (I), from which the dihydrate of the present invention is produced, is a known compound, and can be obtained by the production method disclosed in Example 1 of

JP2006-316052A or according to Reference Examples 1 and 2

Fig. 1 shows the ^-NMR spectrum of the dihydrate of the benzothiophene compound represented by Formula (I) prepared in Example 1.

Fig. 2 shows the X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the dihydrate of the benzothiophene compound represented by

Formula (I) prepared in Example 1.

Fig. 3 shows the infrared absorption spectrum of the dihydrate of the benzothiophene compound represented by Formula (I) prepared in Example 1.

Fig. 4 shows the Raman spectrum of the dihydrate of the benzothiophene compound represented by Formula (I) prepared in Example 1.

Fig. 5 shows the ^XH- MR spectrum of the benzothiophene compound represented by Formula (I) prepared in Example 2.

Reference Example 1: Synthesis of 7-(4-chlorobutoxy)-lH-quinolin- 2-one Methanol (149 L) , 7-hydroxy-lH-quinolin-2-one (14.87 kg), and potassium hydroxide (6.21 kg) were mixed and stirred. After dissolution, l-bromo-4-chlorobutane (47.46 kg) was further added thereto and the resulting mixture was stirred under reflux for seven hours. Thereafter, the mixture was stirred at 10° C for one hour. The precipitated crystal was centrifuged and washed with methanol (15 L). The wet crystal was collected and placed in a tank. Water (149 L) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature. After centrifugation, the resulting solid was washed with water (30 L). The wet crystal was collected and placed in a tank. After adding methanol (74 L), the mixture was stirred under reflux for one hour, cooled to 10° C, and then stirred. The precipitated crystal was centrifuged and washed with methanol (15 L). The separated crystal was dried at 60° C to obtain 7- (4-chlorobutoxy) -lH-quinolin-2-one (15.07 kg).

Reference Example 2: Synthesis of 7- [ 4- ( 4-benzo[b] thiophen-4-yl- piperazin-l-yl)butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one

Water (20 L), potassium carbonate (1.84 kg), 1- benzo[b] thiophen-4-yl-piperazine hydrochloride (3.12 kg), and ethanol (8 L) were mixed and stirred at 50° C. 7- ( 4-Chlorobutoxy) – lH-quinolin-2-one (2.80 kg) obtained in Reference Example 1 was added to the mixture and stirred under reflux for nine hours.

After concentrating the solvent (8 L) under ordinary pressure, the mixture was stirred at 90° C for one hour and then cooled to 9° C . The precipitated crystal was centrifuged and then

sequentially washed with water (8 L) and ethanol (6 L). The separated crystal was dried at 60° C to obtain a crude product. The crude product (4.82 kg) and ethanol (96 L) were mixed in a reaction vessel, and acetic acid (4.8 L) was introduced into the reaction vessel. The mixture was stirred under reflux for one hour to dissolve the crude product. After introducing

hydrochloric acid (1.29 kg), the mixture was cooled to 10° C. The mixture was heated again, refluxed for one hour, and cooled to 7° C. The precipitated crystal was centrifuged and washed with ethanol (4.8 L). The separated crystal was dried at 60° C to obtain 7- [4- (4-benzo[b] thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-l-yl)butoxy] -1H- quinolin-2-one hydrochloride (5.09 kg). The resulting 7- [4- (4- benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl)butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one hydrochloride (5.00 kg), ethanol (45 L), and water (30 L) were mixed in a reaction vessel. The mixture was stirred under reflux to dissolve the 7-[4-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-l- yl)butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one hydrochloride. Activated carbon (500 g) and water (5 L) were added thereto, and an activated carbon treatment was conducted under reflux for 30 minutes. After performing hot filtration, a solution containing sodium hydroxide (511 g) dissolved in water (1.5 L) was flowed into the reaction vessel while stirring the filtrate under reflux. After stirring under reflux for 30 minutes, water (10 L) was introduced thereto and the mixture was cooled to approximately 40° C. The

precipitated crystal was centrifuged and washed with water (125 L). The separated crystal was dried at 80° C to obtain 7- [4- (4- benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl)butoxy] – lH-quinolin-2-one (3.76 kg).

Example 1: Preparation of 7- [ 4- ( 4-benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl- piperazin-l-yl)butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one dihydrate

The 7- [4- (4-benzo[b] thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1- yl)butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one (3.2 kg) obtained in Reference

Example 2, ethanol (64 L) , water (74 L) , and acetic acid (1.77 kg) were mixed in a reaction vessel to prepare an acidic liquid mixture. The mixture was stirred under reflux to dissolve the 7- [ 4- ( 4-benzo[b] thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl)butoxy] -1H-quinolin-2- one (reflux temperature: 84° C). After cooling to -5°C, the solution obtained above was introduced, over a period of 30 minutes, into a solution containing 25% sodium hydroxide (5.9 kg) and water (54 L) that was cooled to 0°C, to prepare a liquid mixture with pHlO. After being stirred at 5° C or below for one hour, the mixture was heated to 20 to 30° C and further stirred for-seven hours . The precipitated crystal was filtered and washing with water (320 L) was performed, until alkali in the solid component disappeared (i.e.. until the pH value of the filtrate became 7 ) . The solid component was then air-dried until its weight became constant to obtain a white solid 7-[4-(4- benzofb] thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-l-yl)butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one dihydrate (unground, 3.21 kg).

Fig. 1 shows the ^XH-NMR spectrum (D SO-d₆, TMS) of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method. As shown in Fig. 1, in the ^- MR spectrum (DMSO-d₆, TMS) , peaks were observed at 1.64 ppm (tt, J = 7.4 Hz, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H) , 1.80 ppm (tt, J = 7.0 Hz, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 2.44 ppm (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H) , 2.62 ppm (br, 4H) , 3.06 ppm (br, 4H) , 3.32 ppm (s, 4H + H₂0) , 4.06 ppm (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 6.29 ppm (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 6.80 ppm (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.80 ppm (dd, J = 2.5 Hz, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H) , 6.88 ppm (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27 ppm (dd, J = 7.8 Hz, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H) , 7.40 ppm (dd, J = 0.5 Hz, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.55 ppm (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.61 ppm (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.69 ppm (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.80 ppm (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), and 11.57 ppm (s, 1H) .

The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method was measured using an X-ray diffractometer (D8 ADVANCE, available from Bruker AXS). Fig. 2 shows the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum. As shown in Fig. 2, in the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum, diffraction peaks were observed at 2Θ = 8.1° , 8.9° , 15.1° , 15.6° , and 24.4° . Other than those mentioned above, the diffraction peaks were also observed at 2Θ = 11.6°.. 12.2°, 14.0°, 16.3°, 18.1°, 18.4°, 18.9°, 19.5°, 20.5°, 21.5°, 22.6°, 23.3°, 25.0°, 26.1°, 26.4°, 27.1°. 28.1°, 28.5°, 28.9°, 29.8°, 30.4°, 30.7°, 31.6°, 32.9°, 33.9°, 34.4°, 35.2°, 36.0°, 36.7°, 37.4° , and 38.3°.

The IR (KBr) spectrum of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method was measured. Fig. 3 shows the IR (KBr) spectrum. As shown in Fig. 3, in the IR (KBr) spectrum, absorption bands were observed in the vicinity of wavenumbers 3509 cm^“1, 2934 cm^“1, 2812 cm^“1, 1651 cm^“1, 1626 cm^“1, 1447 cm^“1, 1223 cm^“1 and 839 cm^“1.

The Raman spectrum of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method was measured. Fig. 4 shows the Raman spectrum. As shown in Fig. 4, in the Raman spectrum, absorption bands were observed in the vicinity of wavenumbers 1497 cm^“1, 1376 cm^“1, 1323 cm^“1, 1311 cm^“1, 1287 cm^“1, 1223 cm^“1, and 781 cm^“1.

Other than those mentioned above, absorption was also observed in the vicinity of wavenumbers 1656 cm^“1, 1613 cm^“1, 1563 cm^“1, 1512 cm^“1, 1468 cm^“1, 1446 cm^“1, 1241 cm^“1, 1203 cm^“1, 1145 cm^“1, 1096 cm^“1, 1070 cm^“1, 971 cm^“1, and 822 cm^“1.

The water content of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method was measured using a moisture meter (CA-100, available from Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) by the Karl Fischer method. As a result, the dihydrate had a water content of 7.79% by weight.

Example 2; Preparation of finely ground dihydrate

Dihydrate crystal (2.73 kg) obtained in Example 1 was ground using a jet mill. Here, the air pressure was set at 5 kgf/cm², and the rotational speed of the feeder was set at 20 rpm. As a result, finely ground 7-[4-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl- piperazin-1-yl)butoxy] -1H-quinoli -2-one dihydrate (2.61 kg,

95.6%) was obtained.

The dihydrate (finely ground product) thus obtained had a mean particle diameter of 5.5 um. The mean particle diameter was measured using a Microtrack HRA, manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.

Fig. 5 shows the ^-NMR spectrum (DMSO-d₆, TMS) of the dihydrate prepared by the above method. As shown in Fig. 5, in the ^- MR spectrum (DMSO-d₆, TMS), peaks were observed at 1.64 ppm (tt, J = 7.3 Hz, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.80 ppm (tt, J = 6.9 Hz, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.44 ppm (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H) , 2.62 ppm (br, 4H) , 3.06 ppm (br, 4H) , 3.32 ppm (s, 4H + H₂0) , 4.06 ppm (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H), 6.29 ppm (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H) , 6.80 ppm (d, J = 2.5 Hz , 1H) , 6.80 ppm (dd, J = 2.3 Hz, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H) , 6.88 ppm (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27 ppm (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.40 ppm (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.55 ppm (d, J = 9.5 Hz , 1H) , 7.61 ppm (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69 ppm (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H) , 7.80 ppm (d, J = 9.5

Hz, 1H), and 11.57 ppm (s, 1H) .

The X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method was measured in the same manner as in Example 1. Fig. 6 shows the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum. As shown in Fig. 6, in the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum, diffraction peaks were observed at 2Θ = 8.2° , 8.9° ,

15.2° , 15.7° and 24.4° .

Other than those mentioned above, the diffraction peaks were also observed at 2Θ = 6.8°, 12.2°, 14.0°, 14.5″, 17.4°,

18.1°, 18.5°, 19.0°, 19.2°, 19.6°, 20.3°, 20.6°, 21.5°, 22.7°,

23.4°, 25.0°, 26.1°, 27.1°, 28.6°, 29.0°, 30.4°, 34.0°, 34.5°,

35.3° , and 36.7° .

The IR (KBr) spectrum of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.

Fig. 7 shows the IR (KBr) spectrum. As shown in Fig. 7, in the IR

(KBr) spectrum, absorption bands were observed in the vicinity of wavenumbers 3507 cm^“1, 2936 cm^“1, 2812 cm^“1, 1651 cm^“1, 1626 cm^“1,

1447 cm^“1, 1223 cm^“1 and 839 cm^“1.

The Raman spectrum of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method was measured. Fig. 8 shows the Raman spectrum.

As shown in Fig. 8, in the Raman spectrum, absorption bands were observed in the vicinity of wavenumbers 1496 cm^‘1, 1376 cm^“1, 1323 cm^‘1, 1311 cm^“1, 1286 cm^“1, 1223 cm^“1, and 781cm^“1.

Other than those mentioned above, absorption was also observed in the vicinity of wavenumbers 1656 cm^“1, 1614 cm^“1, 1563 cm^“1, 1512 cm^“1, 1467 cm^“1, 1446 cm^“1, 1241 cm^“1, 1203 cm^“1, 1145 cm^“1,

1095 cm^“1, 1069 cm^“1, 971 cm^“1, and 822 cm^“1.

The water content of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method was measured using a moisture meter (CA-100, available from Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) by the

Karl Fischer method. As a result, the dihydrate had a water content of 6.74% by weight . Example 3 : Preparation of 7- [ 4- ( 4-benzo[b] thiophen-4-yl- piperazin-l-yl)butoxy] -lH-quinolin-2-one dihydrate

7- [ 4- ( 4-Benzo[ ] thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl)butoxy] – lH-quinolin-2-one (5.0 kg), ethanol (100 L), water (115 L), and DL-lactic acid (2.29 kg) were mixed to prepare an acidic liquid mixture. The liquid mixture was stirred under reflux to dissolve the 7- [4- (4-benzo[b] thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-l-yl)butoxy] -1H- quinolin-2-one (reflux temperature: 82° C). After cooling to -5°C, the solution obtained above was introduced, over a period of about 15 minutes, into a solution containing sodium hydroxide (1.48 kg) and water (135 L) that was cooled to 1°C, to prepare a liquid mixture with pHll. After being stirred at approximately 2 to 5° C for three hours, the mixture was heated to 45° C and

further stirred at 45 to 50° C for two hours. The precipitated crystal was filtered and washing with water (200 L) was performed until alkali in the solid component disappeared (i.e., until the pH value of the filtrate became 7). The solid component was further washed with a liquid mixture of ethanol (15 L) and water (20 L). The solid component was then dried at room temperature until its weight became constant to obtain a white solid 7- [4- (4- benzo[b] thiophen-4-yl-piperazin-1-yl)butoxy] -1H-quinolin-2-one dihydrate (unground, 5.11 kg).

The dihydrate thus obtained was the same as that obtained in Example 1.

The Raman spectrum of the dihydrate prepared by the aforesaid method was measured. Fig. 9 shows the Raman spectrum. As shown in Fig. 9, in the Raman spectrum, absorption bands were observed in the vicinity of wavenumbers 1497 cm^“1, 1376 cm^“1, 1323 cm^“1, 1311 cm^“1, 1287 cm^“1, 1223 cm^“1, and 782 cm^“1.

Other than those mentioned above, absorption was also observed in the vicinity of wavenumbers 1656 cm^“1, 1614 cm^“1, 1563 cm^“1, 1512 cm^“1, 1468 cm^“1, 1446 cm^“1, 1241 cm^“1, 1203 cm^“1, 1145 cm^“1, 1126 cm^“1, 1096 cm^“1, 1070 cm^“1, 972 cm^“1, and 822 cm^“1.

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PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2006112464A1?cl=en

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PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/US20110152286

References

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